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Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic local or regional musculoskeletal pain disorder that may involve either a single muscle or a muscle group. The pain may be of a burning, stabbing, aching or nagging quality. Importantly, where the patient experiences the pain may not be where the myofascial pain generator is located. This is known as referred pain. The pathophysiology of myofascial pain remains somewhat of a mystery due to limited clinical research. However, based on case reports and medical observation, investigators think it may develop from a muscle lesion or excessive strain on a particular muscle or muscle group, ligament or tendon. It is thought that the lesion or the strain prompts the development of a “trigger point” that, in turn, causes pain.

As with all chronic pain conditions, people with myofascial pain syndrome may also suffer from depression, fatigue and behavioral disturbances.

What treatments are available?

The best treatments for myofascial pain syndrome are active and passive physical therapy methods. A massage technique known as myofascial release is often used, as are applications of heat or cold. Patients who are overweight may have more severe or frequent symptoms. Weight management programs can help. Acupuncture has helped some patients with myofascial pain. Another treatment option is the “stretch and spray” technique in which the muscle with the trigger point is sprayed along its length with a coolant such as Fluorimethane and then slowly stretched.